防止课堂上的感官过度刺激
尝试
尝试If enough natural light is available in the space, turn off the overhead lights to reduce the noise from fluorescent bulbs.
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Instead of raising your voice to gain students’ attention and refocus the group, use a visual method, like a “Quiet” sign or signal.
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Reveal each visual direction one at a time, and keep the rest out of sight.
What Is Sensory Overstimulation?
What Is Sensory Overstimulation?The more stimulation in an environment, the more competition for attention there is in the part of a student’s brain needed to focus. Processing may slow down or stop if a student is overloaded with visual/auditory information.
Students may be under- or over-responsive to outside stimuli, so maintaining a balance in the classroom is important. In general, keeping a “low stimulus” classroom can help students focus on the stimuli on which you want them to focus.
Many of these tools might be more useful to Classroom Professionals when setting up their rooms. However, they may be helpful for you to know as you choose what materials to bring in, and as you move things around when you come in for your arts residency.
设置低刺激教室
TAs are “visitors” to a classroom, but as you develop a relationship with the Classroom Professionals, you may be able to integrate more of these strategies. You may be visiting the same room over a long period of time. This may give you the opportunity to have more of a say in the setup of the classroom or the space you use while you are there as a guest.
远程教学提示
数字体验的某些元素可能会过度刺激某些学生
- Switching between various visual settings: screen sharing, multiple-participant or single-speaker view.
- Sound carries very differently and often in a harsher way on digital platforms.
- Lots of visuals moving quickly in and out of videos.
- Switching between full-group and small-group without preparing for transitions.
考虑您的空间和数字盒子以及它们对学生的影响
- Lighting: Is it hard to see you?
- Your background: Is it cluttered? Is it hard to focus on you? Are there distracting images or text?
- Audio feedback or echoing.
- Camera angle.
考虑如何在多种教学和表达方式之间取得平衡，以及如何提供感官休息
- Everyone turns their camera off.
- Everyone mutes their microphone to reduce background noise.
- Invite everyone to find a household item that makes them feel calm.
- Have a moment to focus on only audio input or visual input.
尽量减少视觉干扰
- 如果可能的话，将资源存放在视线之外（尤其是你带来的非常酷的东西；试着把它们放在包里或布下面，这样学生就不会被它们分心）。
- 等待分发材料，直到需要它们。
- Reveal one agenda item, visual object/cue, and instruction at a time. Keep the others out of sight when not needed.
- 根据需要使用箭头或其他标记指向特定方向、焦点或视觉辅助工具。
- Try to put your visuals on blank backgrounds (e.g. not on top of the visual materials already posted on the walls by the Classroom Professionals). Alternatively, bring a larger blank piece of paper to create your own “blank space” for visual supports.
- Turn off computers and SMART Boards when not in use.
- 必要时关闭百叶窗。
- 让视觉上容易分心的学生远离窗户/门，面向房间的前面并远离其他学生。
- 在个人工作中使用屏幕或文件夹来减少视觉刺激。
- If a student is over-responsive to tactile stimulation, try positioning them at the end of a line or on the side with space between them and other students. Provide clear boundaries (e.g., colored tape, carpet square, poly dots) to allow for adequate space between students.
- Be judicious about what you share visually. Ask the following questions about any visual supports, posters, signs, and displays for your lessons.
- 这样做的目的是什么？
- 它是否庆祝和支持学生的学习？
- 图像中代表了谁？它们是否反映了课堂和社区的多样性？
- 它是最新的并且与目前正在学习的内容一致吗？
- 可以互动吗？
- 视觉支撑之间是否有白色空间来帮助眼睛区分重要的内容？
减少噪音
- Raising your voice to gain attention might be overwhelming for a student who is sensitive to noise. Use a visual or nonverbal method to gain class attention (e.g., turning the lights off/on or holding up a “Quiet” sign). Establish with the class what strategies you will use (i.e., do not surprise students by turning off the lights).
- 考虑您要求学生在房间里走动或移动家具的次数。
- 注意音乐音量和扬声器放置。
- Put rubber feet or furniture sliders on tables, chairs, and set pieces to prevent a “scraping” sound when they are moved.
其他提示
对气味敏感
处理气味强烈的材料时，请保持窗户打开，以保持适当的通风。避免使用香水或气味强烈的产品。
有策略地使用颜色
Colors can affect our own mood, and the same is true about the students in our classrooms. Blues, greens, violet, white, and pastels are colors that tend to calm. Red, yellow, and orange are colors that tend to energize. Purple is a color that stimulates imagination. Learn more about Classroom Color Psychology in the External Resources.
让自然光
尽可能使用自然光有助于减少对荧光灯的需求，荧光灯可能会发出嗡嗡声或闪烁。如果外面有高水平的刺激，你可能需要拉上百叶窗。
